I could've sworn that I talked about
invest in the Random Etymology thread at some point, but I can't find it. Anyway, the etymology is a little confusing, not just because there's been a fair amount of semantic drift in English, but because the word
invest has been borrowed from multiple sources; originally it came from Latin and meant "to clothe" and later took on more figurative senses like "to clothe with attributes" and "to establish in an office". The financial sense probably came from Italian, as
Etymonline says: "The meaning 'use money to produce profit' first attested 1610s in connection with the East Indies trade, and is probably a borrowing of It[alian].
investire (13c.) from the same L[atin]. root, via the notion of giving one's capital a new form".